Clinical Trials are medical research studies involving people. They aim to find out:
 

if a new treatment or medical procedure is safe
if it has side effects
whether it works better than the treatments already in use

Clinical trials are carried out in 3 phases:
Phase 1 trials are carried out with small numbers of patients to see if the new treatment or drug is safe or has any harmful effects
Phase 2 trials test the new treatment to see if it is likely to work for a particular cancer. Only treatments that get through phase 1 and 2 trials enter phase 3
Phase 3 trials test the new treatment to see if it works better than the standard treatments available

For more detailed information about the different types and phases of clinical trials click here